The contents and leaching concentrations of heavy metals from municipal solid waste incinerator (MSWI) fly ash were investigated in Shenzhen. Targeting at Cu, Pb and Zn as the key heavy metals, aqueous solutions containing Cu(II), Pb(II) and Zn(II) of 100 mg/L, 200 mg/L and 300 mg/L were synthesized to test the feasibility and efficiency of electro-and-bioelectro-deposition of heavy metals. In a bio-electrochemical system (BES), the removal and recovery efficiency of Cu(II) was >98%. In the subsequent electro-deposition reactor (ER), the concentrations of Pb(II) and Zn(II) were decreased from 200 and 300 mg/L to 23.5±1.1 and 4.3±0.2 mg/L with external voltage of 1.5 and 2.5 V, respectively. Energy consumption analysis revealed that extra electricity of 16.55 kWh was generated by 1 kg Cu(II) reduction in BES, while electricity of 60.91 kWh and 114.27 kWh were consumed by 1 kg Pb(II) and Zn(II) treatment in ER, and the heavy metal ions were reducted to free elements, oxides and salts. These results suggest that a combined BES and ER technology has advantages in metal recovery and energy saving. 

Taking Beijing as an example, the granularity back-calculation method and the landscape connectivity index were combined to identify important ecological land. The neighborhood analysis was adopted to construct the ecological resistance surface, whereas the minimum cumulative resistance model was used to construct the ecological security pattern. The probability of land expansion calculated through an artificial neural network was used to classify the ecological security pattern of construction. The results show that the important ecological land area of Beijing is 6488.53 km², mainly distributed in the mountainous areas of western and northeastern Beijing, and a small part is located in the southeast plain area. The primary protection ecological land area is 4482.48 km², mainly distributed in the northwest and southwest. The secondary protection ecological land area is 1338.27 km², which is mainly distributed in the western suburbs, the suburban plains in the southwest and the plains in the southeast. The third-level protection ecological land area is 669.77 km², mainly distributed in the north-central and southeast plains. The important ecological corridor is 2410.47 km long and is distributed in the outer suburbs and urban-rural junction. Among them, the length of the first-class ecological corridor is 1477.63 km, mainly distributed in the mountainous areas of the northwest and southwestern suburbs; the secondary ecological corridor is 390.91 km, which is mainly distributed near the ecological land of the outer suburb plain; the third-level ecological corridor is 541.93 km, mainly distributed in the surrounding area of the city center, surrounded by the central city.

Nanoporous carbon material loaded with zero-valent copper NPC@Cu was synthesized by one-step carbonization method using copper-based MOF (HKUST-1, [Cu₃(BTC)₂], BTC as 1,3,5-benzenetricarboxylic acid) as template. With NPC@Cu as catalyst, peroxymonosulfatesulfate (PMS) was activated as oxidant to treat simulated azo dye wastewater by heterogeneous catalytic oxidation at ambient pressure and room temperature. The catalysts were characterized by electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), etc. The effect of degradation efficiency of the catalyst dosage, oxidant dosage and initial pH during the reaction were studied. The experimental results showed that the degradation rate of 0.10 mmol/L RhB can reach 100% after 45 minutes of reaction at a catalyst dosage of 0.1 g/L, a PMS concentration of 2.00 mmol/L and a initial pH of 7. Through the free radical trapping experiment, it proved that there are two free radicals in the system—SO₄^–·and ·OH, and NPC@Cu is a catalytic material with good catalytic performance.

In order to evaluate the satisfaction of land consolidation performance, Ranyi Town in Qionglai City, Sichuan Province was selected as the study area, and the data were obtained through questionnaires and interviews. According to the occupation, the farmers were divided into four types: pure agriculture, agriculturebased, non-agricultural-based and non-agricultural. The livelihood capital estimation table was constructed from five aspects: human capital, natural capital, physical capital, financial capital and social capital to evaluate the current status of the livelihood capital of farmers with different livelihood types in the land consolidation area. Based on the calculation results, the impact of land consolidation on farmer satisfaction was investigated, and the Probit model was used to analyze the influencing factors of satisfaction. The results show that the farmer’s livelihood capital is slightly out of balance, the social capital and material capital value are higher, and the financial capital and human capital value are lower. Farmers generally have higher satisfaction with land consolidation projects. Factors such as natural capital, physical capital, social capital, and income sources have a positive impact on satisfaction; education, financial capital, and livelihood activities have a negative impact on non-agricultural farmers’ satisfaction.